The people who benefit are those who purchased large amounts of Bitcoin at a low price but have consistently held it to date, thus indirectly benefiting from the increase in Bitcoin's price. Meanwhile, the people who are harmed are those who disposed of Bitcoin more quickly after purchasing it, perhaps due to panic after seeing false news about Bitcoin. As for the impact on Bitcoin adoption in the key sectors you mentioned, such as banks, governments, and corporations, this depends heavily on their level of trust in Bitcoin, as those who believe in Bitcoin will routinely buy it without any fear.
With either large or small investment capital to start, the success of investors and their investments is shown in ROIs. You can see the fact here, that different investors with different capital (big or small) can have same ROIs if they have same or nearly similar average entry prices.
I disagree to say that two investors with same 100% ROI from their Bitcoin investments, can be classified as better or worse investors only because of their profit is bigger or smaller as consequence of their initial investment capital. They are same successful investors and their actual profit figures are different only by their available fund for starting. Having smaller capital to start does not make you as a worse investor than another investor that has bigger fund for beginning.