So what is a good written primer on blockchains.  How it works technically (ie mathematically).

For the same reason why someone want to understand what brakes on a car do.  Then problems are averted and failures are quickly resolved.

A taxi cab driver need not learn how brakes work.  But becoming a better driver (especially in inclement weather) is faster and easier when he does.

Not saying that a bitcoin storm is expected.  But learning does have advantages.

What is a best written primer on blockchains?

A blackout is 120 volts dropping to zero volts.  A surge is 120 volts approaching or exceeding 1000 volts.

A surge protector does nothing - remains inert - until its let-through voltage is exceeded - 330 volts.  How does a blackout (zero volts) exceed 330 volts?  Obviously a surge protector does nothing for outages.

Outages do not damage hardware.  That myth exists because some get emotional (fearful) when a blackout occurs.  To hardware, a blackout and a power off are electrically same.  Neither cause hardware damage.

An adjacent protector does nothing for that anomaly.  And still that near zero joule protector get promoted as if it will cure all anomalies.

Only protector that does effective protection is a 'whole house' one. If any one miner needs that protection, then every household appliance also needs that protection.

They have a good reputation only when naive consumers are educated by hearsay, wild speculation, subjective reasoning, and advertising.  When it comes to protection, that Tripplite is known to even make surge damage easier. To compromise what is already better and robust protection inside appliances.  That means learning from science and over 100 years of experience.

Where is this 'good reputation'?  Only from emotions.

Where is this good price?   It costs $25 to protect only one appliance? And does not even claim to protect from potentially destructive surges.  Effective protection from direct lightning strikes costs about $1 per protected appliance.  That Tripplite is tens of time more expensive.

Where does that citation list how many joules it will absorb?  Number not posted because it is near zero (ie thousand joules).  Effective protection always answers this question.  Where are hundreds of thousands of joules harmlessly absorbed?  What happened to that good reputation?

Recently we removed many plug-in protectors.  All (including one that was that Tripplite) had catastrophic damage.  A potential fire fortunately did not get out of the box.  Meanwhile other companies known by any guy for integrity do not have all those threats and problem.  And are actually rated to protect from surges including and not limited to lightning.

Strongly recommended.  Properly earth a 'whole house' protector from other companies known for integrity.  Since that is necessary even to protect an expensive and near zero joule Tripplite.

Actually it does protect. 

Meanwhile, define this 'surge'.  Never cure (or worry about) some problem or threat that is not first defined.  What is this 'surge'? 

Also be concerned.  Those plug-in protectors can even compromise what is better protection already inside a miner.

Please read with care.  Now more numbers.  A 1500 joule Tripplite means it only absorbs a paltry 500 joules and never more than 1000.  A surge that tiny is routinely made irrelevant by protection already inside appliances.  So what has that Tripplite done?  Nothing useful.

Also read this with greater care.  Effective protection means direct lightning strikes without damage even to a protector.  Routine are direct lightning strikes without damage - even 100 years ago.  But that means learning well proven science.  And ignoring lies, myths, and propaganda.  Effective protection will always answer this question.  Where do  hundreds of thousands of joules harmlessly dissipate?

Protectors from other companies known for integrity means a protector remains functional for many decades after many direct lightning strikes.  These protectors cost many times less - about $1 per protected appliance.  Companies known for integrity include Intermatic, Square D, Ditek, Siemens, Polyphaser (an industry benchmark), Syscom, Leviton, ABB, Delta, Erico, General Electric, and Cutler-Hammer (Eaton).  A so expensive Trippite is not in that list.  Its near zero numbers even says why.

If using a Tripplite, then damage from lightning is even made easier.  You have zero reasons to believe a Tripplite does anything useful. In fact, if found in your luggage, it may be confiscated by a cruise ship.  They also take fire more seriously.  Fire is another problem created by near zero joule protectors not protected by a properly earthed 'whole house' solution.  And yes, that solution means direct lightning strikes without damage even to a protector - today and over 100 years ago.  Is that clear enough yet?

Completely different is power provided by any power strip - with or without protector parts.  Shape of that AC receptacle says it can provide up to 15 amps.  Power strip's circuit breaker also must be 15 amps.  If a wall receptacle can provide sufficient power, then a power strip also can provide that power.  Those numbers are completely unrelated to separate circuits that do surge protection.

If a power strip does not have a circuit breaker, then it should be removed as a threat to human life.

Last two paragraphs are completely irrelevant to surge protection, brownouts, or blackouts.  A human is always expected to perform some arithmetic.  Sum of currents draw by appliances verifies that its circuit breaker will not trip.

All this stuff is layman obvious.  Unfortunately too many eyes glaze over with each number - not an exaggeration.  Concepts even taught in elementary school science are implemented so that your telco's CO (switching computer) suffers about 100 surges with each storm.  How often is your town without phone service for four days while that computer is replaced?  Never?  Exactly.  Because protection from direct lightning strikes is routinely found in every town - today and 100 years ago.  And completely unknown to so many educated by outright lies and myths - such as those from Tripplite.

Protection from lightning is impossible only when one has swollowed the lies from Tripplite and equivalent (high profit) manufacturers.

Again, a Tripplite or equivalent plug-in protector can even make surge damage easier.  As we demonstrated by tracing surge damage even by replacing each damaged semiconductor.  And explained it in design reviews.

Informed consumer uses a solution that always answers this question.  Where do hundreds of thousands of joules harmlessly dissipate?  A protector is only as effective as its earth ground - today and 100 years ago.

Same applies to blackouts and brownouts.  Those do not harm any properly designed electronics.  Brownouts are a concern for motorized appliances - not electronics.  How often this week have you replaced less robust appliances - ie doorbell, GFCIs, smoke detectors, microwave oven, central air electronics, clocks?  Are those protected by invisible protectors? Best protection at each is already inside each.  Miners are even more robust.

Then discuss what can overwhelm that best protection - always with numbers.  We have not even begun to discuss effective protection because so many fables first must be exposed - with numbers.

Start by admitting protection from direct lightning strikes is routine.  Even that expensive and near zero joule Tripplite must be protected.

Define 'not stable'.  A subjective term - an indication that a scam may be promoted.

Voltage can drop so low that incandescent bulbs dim to 50% intensity.  That is perfectly good voltage for all electronics.  Computers work just fine (are required to work) even with a lower voltage.

Voltage can rise so high that incandescent bulbs double intensity.  That also is perfectly good voltages for all electronics.

Those same voltages can be problematic for motorized appliances. So motorized appliances desperately need that protection?  Long before PCs existed, AC utilities had to provide sufficient voltage - or cut off power.  These standards existed long before PCs and long before most who have posted here existed.  But fears, myths, and subjective claims live on.  Because so many only feel it must be true.

Anyone can read a let-through voltage in spec numbers.  Again, most simply ignore numbers to somehow become knowledgeable.  A 120 volt protector may have a 330 let-through voltage.  That means a protector does absolutely nothing until 120 volts rises well above 330 volt.  Where is this protection so hyped subjectively?

Best protection at each appliance is already inside each appliance.  Numbers posted previously.

Just as bogus is a destructive blackout.  If destructive, then an 'at risk' part will be identified.  Nobody will.  No part is damaged by unexpected blackouts.  Only fear and other emotions justify that belief.  However, the challenge is blunt.  If blackouts are destructive, then one must cite that 'at risk' part.  Or admit to having been manipulated by hearsay, wild speculation, and advertising - also called brainwashing.

Defined is what anyone does to protect from surge damage.  Since even a Tripplite and other magic boxes must be protected.  Then superior protection already inside every appliance (defined above with numbers) is not overwhelmed.  If a miner needs that protection, then everything needs that protection.

It has to be strong enough to support your rig?  How many joules does that Tripplite claim to 'absorb'?  Hundreds?  Thousand?  Potentially destructive surges can be hundreds of thousands of joules.  How is a near zero Tripplite strong enough?

As others have accurately noted, blackouts do not harm hardware.  Surges occur maybe once every seven years.  If a surge does exist, then everything (most that are less robust) must be protected.  Protection is also desperately needed for a dishwasher, dimmer switches, furnace, LED & CFL bulbs, refrigerator, door bell, recharging electronics, garage door opener, GFCIs, central air, every smoke detector and that near zero joule Tripplite.   How many have been damaged by surges this week?

Blackouts do not damage electronics.  Brownouts may be problematic for motorized appliances.  120 volt appliances, before PCs existed,  would withstand up to 600 volt transients.  Many electronics today are not damaged by thousands.  But everything remains at risk if one has not properly earthed a 'whole house' solution.  Only that has numbers that define actual protection.  Tripplite clearly does not.  So that recommendation did not include the always required spec numbers.

Protectors do nothing for blackouts or brownouts.  Each is a completely different anomaly.  Did solutions exist for each anomaly.  Obviously, any recommendation must also include spec numbers that say why it works and by how much.

All properly designed PSUs work just fine at near 100% load for 24/7/ten years.

Apparently the power controller sees something wrong and powers off the PSU.  Only that controller (not the power supply) decides when a PSU powers off or on.

Apparently a manufacturing defect in that one PSU is detected by the power controller.  To say anything more (that is not wild speculation) requires numbers.

How does power off or on cause a surge?  That belief comes from many who only believe a first thing told.  Knowledge means ignoring every recommendation that does not also say why - with numbers.

Power loss does not cause a surge and does not damage any properly designed appliance.  Numbers, previously posted, demonstrate why.

UPS is only temporary and 'dirty' power so that unsaved data can be saved.  And so that reboots (due to short power offs) might be avoided.  Nothing more.

Hardware protection from other potentially destructive anomalies require completely different solutions.

It does not matter to electronic hardware if power off is from a front panel button, yanking its power cord, tripped off by a circuit breaker, or a nuclear power plant crashes.  To hardware, that power off is same.

A classic example of an emotion creating a conclusion.  Anyone can learn from numbers.

Power cycling is a standard voltage (ie 120 VAC) dropping to zero and then slowly climbing back towards the standard voltage again.   A surge is a voltage that well exceeds that standard voltage.

Anyone can read numbers on surge protectors.  A 120 volt protector has a 330 volt let-through voltage.  That means it does absolutely nothing until a surge exists - well over 330 volts on a 120 volt service.

When power cycles, voltage does not even exceed 120 volts during restoration.  Only reason that power restoration creates well over 330 volts - one make conclusions from emotions.  One has violated even even what was taught in junior high science.  One made conclusion only from wild speculation.  And then posted those speculations as if fact.

Blackout and brownouts do not harm electronics.  Only brownouts are potentially harmful ... to motorized appliances ... not electronics.

We stopped putting those MOVs inside appliances long ago for some very obvious reasons.

A surge that is a voltage between to wires is rare and is made irrelevant by what a power supply does.  If the surge is so large as to harm a power supply, that MOV vaporized long ago.  In short, the MOV is only a potential fire.  And does nothing (is woefully too tiny) to increase protection.

A transient that does damage is best described by numbers.  Let's say that MOV has a 330 volt let-through voltage.  A 5000 volt surge is incoming on the AC hot (black) wire.  Now it is 5000 volts incoming to the supply on one wire and 4670 volts on the neutral wire.  Where is protection?

Best protection for a miner is best as distant as possible to a miner (and everything else since all other appliances also need that protection).  And is as close as practicable to single point earth ground.  Protection increases with every foot shorter to earth.  Protection increases with increased separation between miner and protector.  A concept called impedance applies.

Best protection is a 'whole house' solution provided by companies known for integrity.  Including Intermatic, Square D, Ditek, Siemens, Polyphaser (an industry benchmark), Syscom, Leviton, ABB, Delta, Erico, General Electric, and Cutler-Hammer (Eaton).

Which less robust appliance most needs this protection?  Plug-in protectors.  Since these near zero joule devices (from companies not known for integrity) can also make electronic damage easier.  And sometimes even create fires.

As another has also demonstrated, this superior solution is also a least expensive solution - about $1 per protected appliance.  Because and again, if a miner needs protection, then so does a dishwasher, clocks, furnace, GFCIs, all recharging electronics, clock radios, dimmer switches, refrigerator, central air, garage door opener, and every smoke detector.